Want to protect your brain as you age? Start today.

Almost half the risk linked to dementia could be prevented or delayed, the World Health Organisation (WHO) says, offering fresh hope against a condition that steadily steals memory, independence and everyday confidence.

More than 57 million people worldwide live with dementia, while nearly 10 million new cases are diagnosed each year. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form, accounting for an estimated 60 to 70 per cent of cases. There is still no cure, but the new guidance shifts attention towards steps people and governments can take much earlier in life.

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WHO says up to 45 per cent of dementia risk is connected to factors that can be changed. These include smoking, harmful drinking, loneliness, too little physical activity, air pollution, high blood pressure and diabetes.

Its updated advice encourages regular movement, a healthy diet, stopping tobacco use, drinking less alcohol and staying socially connected. Activities that keep the mind engaged, such as learning, reading, games and meaningful conversation, may also help. Treating high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol matters, while hearing aids may be useful for people with hearing loss.

The guidance also adds a clear call to reduce exposure to polluted air, placing responsibility beyond individual choices. Cleaner cities, accessible healthcare and opportunities for social connection can all help protect brain health.

However, WHO warns against relying on vitamin B or E, omega-3 capsules or multivitamins when no shortage has been diagnosed.

The message is simple but powerful: protecting memory begins long before memory problems appear in earnest for everyone.