Rising HIV cases concerning

We are alarmed by the sharp increase in HIV infections in Bangladesh. The latest HIV/AIDS Situation Report-2025 reveals that 1,891 new infections were recorded between last November and this October, 453 more than the previous year. This is also the highest year-on-year increase since 2000. The fact that this surge occurred during a period when overall HIV testing actually declined by nearly two lakh is particularly concerning. When fewer tests produce more positive results, it suggests that transmission is increasing faster than expected, and that ongoing preventive measures are not sufficient. The report by the DGHS also shows that the proportion of HIV-positive individuals receiving treatment has fallen from 78 to 74 percent. Meanwhile, 18 percent of those potentially living with HIV remain unaware of their status, allowing the virus to spread silently.

The surge in cases is linked to several factors, according to health officials. While overall testing declined because fewer migrant workers were screened—dropping from 13.05 lakh last year to 10.11 lakh this year—testing among key populations, including people who inject drugs, sex workers, and transgender individuals, rose sharply, leading to more detections. This year, 1.17 lakh people from these groups were tested, compared to about 97,000 the previous year. These populations accounted for 56 percent of new cases, underscoring their vulnerability and the need for targeted services without any interruption. The surge also included 217 new cases among the Rohingyas.

Another likely factor is the expiry of a government programme, disrupting vital prevention services such as condom and needle distribution, which may have increased the threat for high-risk groups, although health officials say more research is needed to confirm its impact. Experts have also warned that late diagnosis and poor awareness are increasing HIV-related deaths in the country, with Chattogram emerging as particularly vulnerable.

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Rising HIV cases demand urgent action

The government, therefore, must take urgent action to reverse the current trends. It must strengthen prevention programmes while relying less on temporary donor-funded initiatives. This involves expanding screening, testing and treatment services across all districts of all vulnerable groups, including migrant workers, and improving coordination between relevant government agencies and community-based organisations. These organisations should be empowered to work closely with vulnerable groups. The national awareness campaigns must also be better designed to reach all segments of society. Addressing social stigma is equally important, as it prevents many from seeking timely testing and care.

The sharp rise in cases is a clear warning that Bangladesh risks falling behind in the global fight against HIV, so comprehensive action including ensuring sustainable funding, a coherent national strategy, and strong political commitment is essential.