Why so many South Asians fall ill young — and what can finally be done

People of South Asian heritage in the UK may face a greater chance of living with more than one long-term illness, and new research published on PLOS Medicine suggests that many warning signs appear much earlier than expected. The findings highlight why earlier health checks could make a real difference, especially for younger adults.

Researchers followed more than 23,000 British Bangladeshi and British Pakistani volunteers over several years to understand who was most at risk. They found that women, younger adults, people living in poorer neighbourhoods, and British Bangladeshis were more likely to develop several lasting health problems at the same time.

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The study also revealed that the order in which illnesses appeared mattered. People who first developed heart or blood sugar-related conditions before facing emotional health challenges were more likely to experience serious complications later. This suggests that spotting early warning signs could help prevent future suffering.

Researchers say social and economic circumstances also play a role in shaping health outcomes. Where people live, work and access healthcare can influence when illnesses develop and how quickly they progress, reinforcing the need for more targeted prevention efforts.

Although the study focused on South Asian communities in the UK, its message may resonate far beyond Britain. Countries with large South Asian populations, including Bangladesh, could draw valuable lessons about the importance of recognising risks early and investing in prevention.

Researchers also believe health checks should begin earlier for people at higher risk instead of waiting until middle age. Early support, healthier lifestyles, and timely advice may help delay or even prevent multiple illnesses, improving both quality of life and long-term wellbeing for thousands of families across communities.